LDL 콜레스테롤

혈액검사를 받고,

1년 전에는 문제가 없었던 몇 가지 부분에 대해 처방을 받고,

해당되는 부분을 다루고자 한다.

보다 관심을 갖고 관리하기 위해 공부하고자 스크랩한다.

관련되는 분들은 도움 받으시길 바란다.

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LDL 콜레스테롤이란 무엇인가?

혈관 벽에 축척되어 심장마비나 뇌졸중과 같은

건강문제의 위험을 높이는 나쁜 콜레스테롤이라고 불린다.

 

 

하지만, 콜레스테롤이 전부 위험한 것은 아니다. 

신체는 신경을 보호하고 건강한 세포와 호르몬을 만들기 위해 콜레스테롤이 필요하다.

 

일부 콜레스테롤은 당신이 먹는 음식에서 나오고,

다인의 간은 더 많이 만든다. 

그것은 혈액에 녹지 않으므로 단백질은 그것을 필요한 곳으로 운반한다.

이러한 운반체를 지단백질이라고 하다.

LDL은 지단백질의 한 종류이다.

전체 이름은 "저밀도 지단백질"이다.

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LDL콜레스테롤 범위

검사 결과의 경우 수치가 낮을수록 좋다.

(미국 성인 기준 일반적 지침)

최적 : 100mg/dL

130 ~ 159 mg/dL : 경계선 높음
160 ~ 189 mg/dL : 높음

190 mg/dL 이상 : 매우 높음

 

한국의 경우도 비슷하며, 130mg/dL을 권장한다.

심장병, 당뇨 등의 질환이 있는 경우 70mg/dL이하로 권장할 수 있다.

 

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높은 LDL의 원인

1. 유전 : 가족 중 콜레스테롤이 높은 사람이 있으면 발생 가능성 크다.

2. 나이 : 콜레스테롤은 시간이 지남에 따라 높아지는 경향이 있다.
나이가 들면서 신체가 콜레스테롤을 제거하는 데 어려움을 겪기 때문이다.

3. 성별 : 여성과 태어날 때 여성으로 지정된 사람들은 폐경 후 LDL 수치가 상승한다.

4. 당뇨병, 만성 신장 질환, 가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증, HIV 등은 높은 LDL로 이어질 수 있다.

 

5. 지방이 많은 음식 : 붉은 고기와 가공육, 전지유제품, 패스트푸드, 튀긴 음식,
일부 과자는 포화지방과 트랜스지방이 많다.

이러한 지방은 LDL 콜레스테롤을 증가시킨다.

 

6. 운동부족 : 충분한 신체활동을 하지 않으면 체중이 늘어나 콜레스테롤 수치가 높아질 위험이 있다.

7. 높은 체중 : 과체중이거나 비만이면 콜레스테롤 수치가 높아질 수 있다.

8. 담배 : 담배는 혈액 내 HDL 양을 낮춘다. HDL은 LDL을 파괴한다. 
즉, HDL이 충분하지 않으면 LDL 수치가 상승한다.

 

1~4번은 개인이 조절하기 힘든 부분이지만,

5~8번은 식단/생활습관 개선으로 충분히 조절할 수 있다.

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LDL 콜레스테롤 식품

(포화지방/트랜스지방 많은 식품)

1. 붉은 고기와 가공육 : 스테이크, 돼지고기, 갈비, 핫도그, 햄버거, 베이컨

2. 전지유(Whole Milk, 지방을 제거하지 않은 우유) : 버터, 치즈

3. 튀긴 음식 : 치킨 핑거, 감자 튀김 등

4. 과자 :케이크, 도넛, 아이스크림

 

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LDL 콜레스테롤의 위험

1. 관상동맥 질환 : 심장질환의 한 형태이며, 대부분의 심장마비는 관상동맥 질환으로 인해 발생한다.

2. 말초동맥질환 : 동맥이 좁아져서 팔과 다리 같은 신체의 바깥쪽 부분으로 많은 혈액을 운반할 수 없는 상태

  보통 다리에서 느끼지만, 팔, 머리, 위, 신장에서도 겪을 수 있다.

3. 흉통(협심증) 및 심장 마비를 포함한 심장 질환

4. 뇌졸중 

 

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LDL콜레스테롤을 낮추는 방법

1. 건강한 식단 : 포화지방, 콜레스테롤 또는 흰 가루(설탕, 밀가루) 등과 같이

단순 탄수화물이 많은 음식 절제, 

마가린, 견과류 같은 섬유질과 식물 스테롤 많이 섭취,

콩, 채소와 같은 고섬유질 음식은 신체가 음식에서 LDL을 흡수하기 어렵게 만들 수 있다.

 

2. 규칙적인 운동 : 심장이 두근 거리는 운동

 

3. 체중감량 : 5~10파운드(2.2~4.5kg)만 감량해도 콜레스테롤 수치가 개선될 수 있다.

 

4. 금연 

 

5. 약물 : 스타틴과 같은 약물은 신체가 콜레스테롤을 막는 것을 막는데 도움이 된다.

 

What Is LDL?

LDL cholesterol is often called the “bad” cholesterol because it collects in the walls of your blood vessels, raising your chances of health problems like a heart attack or stroke.

But cholesterol isn't all dangerous. Your body needs it to protect the nerves and make healthy cells and hormones.

Some cholesterol comes from the food you eat, and your liver makes more. It won’t dissolve in blood, so proteins carry it where it needs to go. These carriers are called lipoproteins.

LDL is a type of lipoprotein. Its full name is "low-density lipoprotein."

LDL cholesterol is often called the “bad” cholesterol because it collects in the walls of your blood vessels, raising your chances of health problems like a heart attack or stroke. Some cholesterol comes from the food you eat, and your liver makes more. It won’t dissolve in blood, so proteins carry it where it needs to go. (Photo Credit: iStock/Getty Images)

HDL vs. LDL Cholesterol

Most of the cholesterol in your body is LDL. The rest is high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol. HDL takes LDL to your liver, where it’s flushed out of your body. High HDL levels might protect against heart attacks and strokes.

LDL Cholesterol Ranges

Lower numbers are better when it comes to LDL cholesterol test results. The general guidelines for adults in the U.S. are:

• Less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL): Optimal
• 100-129 mg/dL: Near or above optimal
• 130-159 mg/dL: Borderline high
• 160-189 mg/dL: High
• 190 mg/dL and above: Very high

If you have a condition like heart disease or diabetes, your doctor might recommend an LDL target of 70 mg/dL or below.

LDL cholesterol normal range

Everyone is different, so there is no such thing as a “normal” level of LDL cholesterol. But in general, you should aim to keep it below 100 mg/dL.

Causes of High LDL

Many things affect your cholesterol levels. Some you can control, like your diet and physical activity. Other things, like your age and genetics, are just part of who you are.

Things that can raise your LDL include:

• Genes. If someone in your family has high cholesterol, you’re more likely to get it too.
• Age. Cholesterol tends to get higher over time. That’s because the body has a harder time clearing out cholesterol as you get older.
• Sex. Women and people assigned female at birth might see their LDL levels go up after menopause.
• Some health conditions. Diabetes, chronic kidney disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, and HIV can lead to high LDL.
• Some medications. Certain drugs, especially those used to control blood pressure or HIV, can cause high LDL as a side effect.
• Fatty foods. Red and processed meats, full-fat dairy, fast foods, fried foods, and some sweets are high in saturated and trans fats. These fats are known to increase LDL cholesterol.
• Lack of exercise. Not getting enough physical activity can cause you to gain weight, which increases your risk for high cholesterol.
• High body weight. Being overweight or having obesity can bring up your cholesterol levels.
• Tobacco use. Cigarettes and other tobacco products (including vapes) lower the amount of HDL in your blood. HDL destroys LDL. This means that if you don’t have enough HDL, your LDL levels will rise.

• Related:What Is a 'Widow Maker' Heart Attack?

LDL cholesterol foods

Your diet plays a big role in your cholesterol levels. Eating a lot of saturated and trans fat can raise your LDL. 

These fats are found in foods like:

• Red and processed meats: steak, pork, ribs, hot dog, hamburgers, bacon
• Full-fat dairy: whole milk, butter, cheese
• Fried foods: chicken fingers, french fries
• Sweets: cakes, doughnuts, ice cream

If you have high LDL, it’s worth talking with your doctor about following a healthy diet.

High LDL Cholesterol Diagnosis

A blood test can check your LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels. It also measures triglycerides, a type of fat that stores extra energy from your diet. High triglyceride levels can make you more likely to have heart problems.

It’s important to talk with your doctor about your cholesterol levels. The recommendations on when to have your cholesterol checked depend on many things, including your health and risk factors, family history, and age. For most healthy adults, a cholesterol check is recommended every 4-6 years. 

Based on age, children should have their first cholesterol test between ages 9 and 11 (then every 5 years), younger adults should have their cholesterol checked every 5 years, and men ages 45-65 and women ages 55-65 every 1-2 years.

You’ll probably need it more often if you have heart disease or diabetes, or if high cholesterol runs in your family.

 

 

 

 

Risks of High LDL Cholesterol

High LDL cholesterol levels can make you more likely to have problems including:

• Coronary artery disease
• Peripheral artery disease
• Heart disease, including chest pain (angina) and heart attack
• Stroke

Guidelines used to focus on lowering "bad" cholesterol to a specific number. Now, you and your doctor will probably work together to come up with a way to lower it by a certain percentage. It's based on how likely it is that you’ll have heart disease or a stroke.

Doctors use a calculator to estimate your odds of those problems in the next 10 years. The calculator considers several things, including:

• Your cholesterol level
• Your age
• Your blood pressure
• Whether you smoke
• Whether you take blood pressure medicine

All of these things affect your chance of having a heart problem. Other risks include:

• Diabetes
• A history of heart disease in your family

• Related:4 Types of AFib: Which One Do You Have?

How to Lower LDL Cholesterol

Your doctor will set up a plan of lifestyle changes and/or medication that can lower your cholesterol levels and your overall odds of a heart problem. Your plan might include:

• A healthy diet. Try not to eat things that are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, or simple carbs such as sugar and white flour. Eat more fiber and plant sterols such as margarine or nuts. High-fiber foods like beans and veggies can make it harder for your body to absorb LDL from food.
• Regular exercise. The kind that gets your heart pumping is best.
• Weight loss. Losing even 5 to 10 pounds can improve your cholesterol levels.
• Quitting tobacco. If you have a hard time giving up smoking, your doctor can help you find the program that’s best for you.
• Medication. Some drugs, like statins, help keep your body from making cholesterol. Another, ezetimibe (Zetia), lowers the amount of cholesterol your body gets from food you eat. If you can’t take statins or have a severe form of high cholesterol, you might get shots of PCSK9 inhibitors. These meds help your liver remove more LDL from your blood.

Takeaways

There are two main types of cholesterol in your body: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is commonly known as “bad” cholesterol. Having too much LDL can lead to heart disease and stroke, so it’s important to keep it as low as possible. You can try to lower your LDL levels by making certain changes, like avoiding fatty foods and exercising regularly. Talk to your doctor about how to manage your cholesterol.

LDL Cholesterol FAQs

What are the precautionary measures for LDL? Avoiding fatty foods and getting plenty of exercise can help you keep your LDL levels low.

What foods cause high LDL? Fatty foods like red and processed meats, full-fat dairy, fried foods, and sweets can raise your LDL.

Home remedies for high LDL? You can help lower your LDL by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But in some cases, you might need medicine. Ask your doctor about ways to control your cholesterol.

• Related:Things About Heart Failure That Just Aren't True

Do I need a doctor’s visit if my LDL is high? It’s important to talk with your doctor about your cholesterol levels. The recommendations on when to have your cholesterol checked depend on many things, including your health and risk factors, family history, and age. For most healthy adults, a cholesterol check is recommended every 4-6 years. Based on age, children should have their first cholesterol test between ages 9 and 11 (then every 5 years), younger adults should have their cholesterol checked every 5 years, and men ages 45-65 and women ages 55-65 every 1-2 years.

What underlying conditions does high LDL indicate? Conditions like diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, and HIV can raise your LDL levels. Over time, high LDL can lead to cardiovascular disease and stroke.

 

출처 : https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ldl-cholesterol-the-bad-cholesterol

LDL Cholesterol

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전지유

https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/coronary-artery-disease

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